Edinburgh Castle: Pinned to the peak of a volcanic rock, the imposing castle of the city is Scotland’s national monument. Through its long history it has been a military fortress, royal residence and War Museum. You must see the famous Crown Jewels of Scotland and the legendary Stone of Destiny, the giant Mons Meg cannon and the romantic chapel of Queen (St) Margaret. Before leaving, make sure you enjoy the unique view from the ramparts over the New Town and the Firth of Forth.
Address: Castlehill, Edinburgh, www.edinburghcastle.scot.
Holyroodhouse: This stunning palace of the 16th-17th centuries is the official residence of the Royal family in Scotland. Its history is bound up with the turbulent years of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots. Today the visitor can tour the impressive royal apartments, the bedroom of Mary Stuart and the famous Great Gallery, an art gallery housing 89 portraits of members of the Scottish dynasty.
Address: Canongate, Edinburgh, www.royalcollection.org.uk.
National Museum of Scotland: Divided between two impressive buildings, one Victorian (1861) and the other modern (1998), the collection of the National Museum of Scotland traces the country's history and culture in a wonderful way, from geological beginnings until today. Here you can admire exhibits from natural history, archaeology, industrial technology and the decorative arts.
Address: Chambers Street, Edinburgh, www.nms.ac.uk.
Scottish Parliament: Since 2004, the Scottish Parliament has been housed in a building designed by the multi-award-winning Catalan architect Enric Miralles. In the shape of an open flower and with a plethora of symbolic motifs both on the facade and its interior, it is considered a masterpiece of modernism. Join one of the organised tours so you can visit both the impressive parliamentary chamber and the amazing offices of the deputies, inspired by monastic cells and meditation.
Address: Horse Wynd, Edinburgh, www.parliament.scot
Scottish National Gallery of Modern Art: Two magnificent, neighbouring neoclassical buildings and a sculpture park comprise one of Scotland’s most important museums. Dedicated exclusively to 20th-century art, the collection in the first building covers all the large European movements, from post-Impressionism and German expressionism to cubism and pop art. Particular attention is given to the famous protagonists of Britart and the contemporary Scottish scene. In the second building you will find the Dadaist and surrealistic collection as well as many works by the local sculptor Sir Eduardo Paolozzi.
Address: 75 Belford Rd, www.nationalgalleries.org
Arthur’s Seat: Arthur’s Seat is the tallest point (altitude 251 m) in the huge Holyrood Park and the rocky peak of a hill that once hid an active volcano. It is worth walking up the hill for 45 minutes to enjoy a panoramic view over the whole of Edinburgh, the bridges over the Firth of Forth and the Scottish Highlands.
Address: Holyrood Park, Edinburgh.
Greyfriars Kirk and Greyfriars Kirkyard: Built in 1620 on the site of a Franciscan monastery, Greyfriars is one of the most famous churches in Edinburgh. This is where the National Covenant was signed in 1638, which ratified the independence of the Church of Scotland. The adjacent cemetery is an oasis of green, dotted with ornate 17th-century monuments and famous residents. The bravest amongst you can take part in the nocturnal tour on the subject of the “City of the Dead”.
Address: Candlemaker Row, www.greyfriarskirk.com.
Edinburgh Zoo: One of the world's major zoos in the conservation and reproduction of rare species that are under threat of extinction. The most famous attraction in the park is the midday parade of penguins, and the two giant pandas, Tian and Yang Guang, who arrived here in 2011.
Address: 134 Corstorphine Road, www.edinburghzoo.org.uk.
National Gallery of Scotland: An impressive building of 1850 in the classical style, designed by William Playfair, the National Gallery houses masterpieces of European art from the Renaissance to post-Impressionism. The names alone in the collection are impressive: Verrocchio, Tintoretto, Titian, Holbein, Rubens, van Dyke, El Greco, Rembrandt, Monet, Picasso, Gauguin, Cezanne and many others.
Address: The Mound, www.nationalgalleries.org
Royal Botanic Garden: Spread out over 28 hectares since 1823, the Botanic Garden of Edinburgh is home to one of the world's most important plant collections. Come here to admire the wonderful Victorian greenhouses, colourful gardens with rhododendrons and azaleas, as well as the world-famous rock garden.
Address: 20A Inverleith Row, www.rbge.org.uk